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Message:

> Hello,
> 
> > I have to calculate the height differences outside jag3d, then consider them as leveling observations and solve the network as 1D. In a analogous manner, solve the network as 2D, using calculated horizontal distances and directions.
> 
> That is the usual procedure, yes.
> 
> > So, the network cannot be solved in one step as 3D. 
> 
> It is also possible to process the network in 3D with additional pseudo-observations. In this case, you don't have to divide the spatial observations into corresponding planar and height components. To perform such a network adjustment, import all points as unknown 3D points - including your reference points. Import the height reference as 1D reference point and the 2D reference points point BUT with different names (e.g. add a suffix or prefix). Define GNSS baselines between the 3D "reference" points and the true reference points to constrain the adjustment.
> 
> Example: Let H be the reference height. Import the point H as 3D point. Thus, spatial observations from and to H are defined. Define a 1D reference point say H_REF having the known height. Import this reference point. Moreover, define a 1D-GNSS baseline. To constrain the height component, the height difference must be zero having a small uncertainty (last column 1 µm), i.e.
> [code]H  H_REF   0.000     0.000001[/code]
> 
> In almost the same manner, the XY components of the planar reference points can be fixed using 2D baselines.
> 
> /Micha

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